As the crisp air of autumn settles over Jackson Hole, Wyoming, a remarkable natural phenomenon takes place. Wildlife migration — one of nature’s most awe-inspiring spectacles — is in full swing. Late September or October typically makes the beginning of transition, as animals respond to the changing seasons, moving to lower elevations and seeking winter refuge. For wildlife enthusiasts, this is an amazing time of year to witness wildlife on the move.
Why Do Animals Migrate?
Migration is essential for survival. As snow starts to dot the high country and temperatures drop, wildlife such as elk, mule deer, and pronghorn migrate to lower elevations in search of more reliable food sources.
Iconic Fall Wildlife Migrations in Jackson Hole
1. Elk
The National Elk Refuge becomes the winter destination for thousands of elk traveling from Grand Teton National Park and the surrounding forests. Visitors can see these majestic creatures gather in herds, often numbering in the hundreds, offering a stunning sight against the snow-covered landscape.
2. Mule Deer
Mule deer descend from the high alpine areas of the Gros Ventre and Teton Ranges, heading for the valley floor. Their journey is a testament to their resilience, navigating rugged terrain and avoiding predators.
3. Pronghorn Antelope
Known for their speed and stamina, pronghorn migrate from Grand Teton National Park to the Green River Basin. Their 150-mile trek, one of the longest terrestrial migrations in North America, is an incredible feat of endurance and instinct.
4. Bald Eagles and Other Birds
Birds of prey, waterfowl, and songbirds take to the skies, either passing through or settling temporarily in the region. Bald eagles are especially prominent, often seen perched near rivers, scanning for fish.
5. Moose
Moose migrate from their summer ranges in high mountain meadows to lower-elevation river valleys like the Gros Ventre and Snake River. These areas provide access to willow, their primary winter food source.
6. Bears
As fall turns to winter, black bears and grizzlies begin their final preparations for hibernation. They move through the valleys, foraging heavily on berries, nuts, and carrion to build fat reserves. Look for bear activity in wooded areas and near rivers before they retreat to their dens.
7. Bighorn Sheep
Bighorn sheep descend from alpine heights to steep, rocky slopes at lower elevations, such as the National Elk Refuge. These areas provide both forage and safety from predators. In late fall, you may also witness the dramatic head-butting contests between rams during the mating season.
